Measurement of Sub-23 nm Particles Emitted from PFI/DI SI Engine Fueled with Oxygenated Fuels: A Comparison between Conventional and Novel Methodologies

Francesco Catapano, Silvana Di Iorio, Agnese Magno, Paolo Sementa and Bianca Maria Vaglieco
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Francesco Catapano: Institute of Science and Technology for Sustainable Energy and Mobility (STEMS)—CNR, Via G. Marconi 4, 80125 Naples, Italy
Silvana Di Iorio: Institute of Science and Technology for Sustainable Energy and Mobility (STEMS)—CNR, Via G. Marconi 4, 80125 Naples, Italy
Agnese Magno: Institute of Science and Technology for Sustainable Energy and Mobility (STEMS)—CNR, Via G. Marconi 4, 80125 Naples, Italy
Paolo Sementa: Institute of Science and Technology for Sustainable Energy and Mobility (STEMS)—CNR, Via G. Marconi 4, 80125 Naples, Italy
Bianca Maria Vaglieco: Institute of Science and Technology for Sustainable Energy and Mobility (STEMS)—CNR, Via G. Marconi 4, 80125 Naples, Italy

Energies, 2022, vol. 15, issue 6, 1-14

Abstract: This study focuses on the measurement of sub-23 nm particles emitted from a small DI/PFI spark ignition engine through conventional techniques and innovative systems. Measurements were performed with well-known systems, such as the EEPS coupled to a PMP-compliant sample conditioning device. Moreover, a novel instrument developed within the European project Sureal-23, the advanced HM-DMA, capable of operating with a simplified conditioning setup was used. The engine was fueled with ethanol, both pure and in blend at 30% v / v . The effects of fuel on the particle emissions were analyzed at different operating conditions. The results highlighted that a larger fraction of emissions consists of particles smaller than 23 nm, and their number changes according to the fuel, injection strategy and operating condition. A significant effect of the sampling system conditions was observed reveling the inception of nucleation mode particles or the condensation of the volatiles onto existing particles depending on the combination fuel/injection strategy. Different trends were noted at certain operating conditions between the results from the EEPS and the advanced HM-DMA ascribable to the different measurement principle and to the dilution system.

Keywords: sub-23 nm particles; spark ignition engine; ethanol; advanced HM-DMA (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

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