High Specific Capacity of Lithium–Sulfur Batteries with Carbon Black/Chitosan- and Carbon Black/Polyvinylidene Fluoride-Coated Separators

Isaac Paniagua-Vásquez, Claudia C. Zuluaga-Gómez, Sofía Chacón-Vargas, Allan León Calvo, Giovanni Sáenz-Arce, Ram S. Katiyar and José Javier Saavedra-Arias
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Isaac Paniagua-Vásquez: Departamento de Física, Universidad Nacional, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica
Claudia C. Zuluaga-Gómez: Department of Physics, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00931, USA
Sofía Chacón-Vargas: Departamento de Física, Universidad Nacional, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica
Allan León Calvo: Departamento de Física, Universidad Nacional, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica
Giovanni Sáenz-Arce: Departamento de Física, Universidad Nacional, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica
Ram S. Katiyar: Department of Physics, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00931, USA
José Javier Saavedra-Arias: Departamento de Física, Universidad Nacional, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica

Energies, 2022, vol. 15, issue 6, 1-13

Abstract: In this research, the shuttle effect and the low sulfur activation of lithium–sulfur batteries were mitigated by coating the cathode side of Celgard 2400 separators with mixtures of carbon black/chitosan or carbon black/polyvinylidene fluoride using the simple slurry technique. Carbon nanoparticles and the polar groups of the polymers were responsible for boosting the reaction kinetics of sulfur and the chemical and physical trapping of lithium polysulfides. The adsorption of sulfur species in the coated separators was confirmed by the morphologic changes observed in the AFM and SEM images and by the new elements presented in the EDX spectra after 100 charge/discharge cycles. The high intensity of the peaks in the cyclic voltammograms and the long plateaus in the discharge profiles support the improvement in the reaction kinetics. The batteries with the carbon black/chitosan- and carbon black/polyvinylidene fluoride-coated separators reached high specific discharge capacities of 833 and 698 mAhg −1 , respectively, after 100 cycles at 0.5 C. This is promising for this kind of technology, and detailed results are presented in the article.

Keywords: lithium–sulfur battery; chitosan; polyvinylidene fluoride; carbon; separators; batteries; polysulfides (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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