Exhaust Emissions from Plug-in and HEV Vehicles in Type-Approval Tests and Real Driving Cycles

Jacek Pielecha, Kinga Skobiej, Przemyslaw Kubiak, Marek Wozniak and Krzysztof Siczek
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Jacek Pielecha: Faculty of Civil and Transport Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, pl. M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 5, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
Kinga Skobiej: Faculty of Civil and Transport Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, pl. M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 5, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
Przemyslaw Kubiak: Institute of Vehicles and Construction Machinery Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Narbutta 84, 02-524 Warsaw, Poland
Marek Wozniak: Department of Vehicles and Fundamentals of Machine Design, Lodz University of Technology, ul. Stefanowskiego 1/15, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
Krzysztof Siczek: Department of Vehicles and Fundamentals of Machine Design, Lodz University of Technology, ul. Stefanowskiego 1/15, 90-924 Lodz, Poland

Energies, 2022, vol. 15, issue 7, 1-38

Abstract: The amount of hybrid vehicles and their contribution have increased in the global market. They are a promising aspect for a decrease in emissions. Different tests are used to determine the factors of such emissions. The goal of the present study was to compare the emissions of two hybrid vehicles of the same manufacturer: the plug-in version and the HEV version (gasoline + electric engine). These vehicles were chosen because they comprise the largest market share of hybrid cars in Poland. The exhaust emission tests were conducted in the WLTC tests on a chassis dynamometer and under real traffic conditions. Simultaneous testing on a dyno and under real driving is the most adequate test to assess the environmental aspects of vehicles—especially hybrids. The combustion engines of the tested vehicles were supplied with gasoline containing 5% biocomponents. The emissions, including CO 2 , CO, NO x , THC and PNs, were measured in accordance with the European Union procedure. According to the latter, the resistance to motion of the chassis dyno was adjusted to the road load, allowing the hybrid vehicles to move in electric mode and allowing the dynamometer to operate in energy recovery mode. The obtained emissions of CO 2 , CO, NO x and THC in the case of the plug-in hybrid vehicle were lower by 3%, 2%, 25%, and 13%, respectively, compared to the case of HEV. Fuel consumption in the case of the plug-in hybrid vehicle was lower by 3%, and PN was lower by 10% compared to the case of HEV (WLTC). In real driving conditions, the differences were more pronounced in favour of the plug-in vehicle: CO 2 emissions in the RDE test were 30% lower, NO x emissions were 50% lower, and PN was 10% lower. An increase in emissions was only observed for CO 2 emissions—the plug-in vehicle’s on-road emissions were 6% higher compared to the HEV. The obtained emissions for FC and PN varied with actual velocity values due to competitive driving between a combustion engine and an electric motor, as well as existing acceleration and deceleration events during the test and other factors.

Keywords: hybrid vehicle; plug-in hybrid vehicle; exhaust emission; WLTC test; chassis dyno; real driving emissions (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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