Streaming Electrification of C 60 Fullerene Doped Insulating Liquids for Power Transformers Applications

Maciej Zdanowski
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Maciej Zdanowski: Department of Electric Power Engineering and Renewable Energy, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatic Control and Computer Science, Opole University of Technology, Prószkowska 76, 45-758 Opole, Poland

Energies, 2022, vol. 15, issue 7, 1-14

Abstract: Long-term and fault-free operation of power transformers depends on the electrical strength of the insulation system and effective heat dissipation. Forced circulation of the insulating liquid is used to increase the cooling capacity. A negative effect of such a solution is the creation of the phenomenon of streaming electrification, which in unfavorable conditions may lead to damage to the insulating system of the transformer. This paper presents results of research confirming the possibility of using fullerene C 60 to reduce the phenomenon of streaming electrification generated by the flow of liquid dielectrics. The volume charge density q w was used as a material indicator to determine the electrostatic charging tendency (ECT) of nanofluids. This parameter was determined from the Abedian-Sonin electrification model on the basis of electrification current measurements and selected physicochemical and electrical properties of the liquid. The electrification current was measured in a flow system with an aluminum pipe of 4 mm diameter and 400 mm length. All measurements were carried out at a temperature of 20 °C. The influence of flow velocity (from 0.34 m/s to 1.75 m/s) and C 60 concentration (25 mg/L, 50 mg/L, 100 mg/L, 200 mg/L and 350 mg/L) was analyzed on the electrification of fresh and aged Trafo En mineral oil, as well as Midel 1204 natural ester and Midel 7131 synthetic ester. The density, kinematic viscosity, dielectric constant, and conductivity were also determined. A negative effect of the C 60 doping on the electrostatic properties of fresh mineral oil was demonstrated. For other liquids, fullerene C 60 can be used as an inhibitor of the streaming electrification process. Based on the analysis of the q w parameter, the optimum concentration of C 60 (from 100 mg/L to 200 mg/L) resulting in the highest reduction of the electrification phenomenon in nanofluids was identified.

Keywords: power transformers; insulation system; dielectric liquids; mineral oil; natural ester; synthetic ester; nanoparticles; C 60 fullerene; nanofluids; electrostatic charging tendency; streaming electrification; flow system; insulation diagnostics (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

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