Cuckoo Search Combined with PID Controller for Maximum Power Extraction of Partially Shaded Photovoltaic System

Ibrahim Al-Wesabi, Zhijian Fang, Hassan M. Hussein Farh, Abdullrahman A. Al-Shamma’a, Abdullah M. Al-Shaalan, Tarek Kandil and Min Ding
Additional contact information
Ibrahim Al-Wesabi: School of Automation, China University of Geoscience, Wuhan 430074, China
Zhijian Fang: School of Automation, China University of Geoscience, Wuhan 430074, China
Hassan M. Hussein Farh: Department of Building and Real Estate, Faculty of Construction and Environment, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
Abdullrahman A. Al-Shamma’a: Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
Abdullah M. Al-Shaalan: Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
Tarek Kandil: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering and Computing, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA
Min Ding: School of Automation, China University of Geoscience, Wuhan 430074, China

Energies, 2022, vol. 15, issue 7, 1-26

Abstract: In the case of partial shading conditions (PSCs), normal equations cannot be completely implemented. The mathematical model of the Photovoltaic (PV) array needs to be modified and re-established with the existence of bypass diodes connected to the PV module, which can alleviate the negative effects of the PSCs and generate several peaks on the PV output characteristics curve. The first aim of this study is to modify and re-establish the mathematical model of the PV array under PSCs. Second, it aims to improve and validate the reliable Cuckoo Search Algorithm (CSA) by integrating it with PID (hybrid CSA-PID) to diminish the impact of PSCs problems. The hybrid CSA-PID was proposed to both track the global maximum power point (GMPP) of PV systems and reduce the tracking time to eliminate the fluctuations around the GMPP. Further, the PID controller was used to eliminate the error percentage obtained by CSA under PSCs to generate the required duty cycle, which provides the required and desired maximum voltage accordingly. The proposed CSA-PID technique has been implemented using both Matlab/Simulink and Hardware-In-Loop experiments on the MT real-time control platform NI PXIE-1071. For validation, the Hybrid CSA-PID method is evaluated and compared with CSA, modified particle swarm optimization (MPSO), PSO, and modified perturb and observe (MP&O) methods under similar conditions. Finally, the obtained findings demonstrated the efficacy and superiority of the proposed hybrid CSA-PID technique, demonstrating its resilience, fast reaction, and good performance in terms of tracking time and GMPP tracking.

Keywords: photovoltaic system; MPPT; partial shading conditions; Hybrid CSA-PID; heuristics algorithms; hardware-in-loop (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (5)

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