Hydrogen-Rich Syngas and Biochar Production by Non-Catalytic Valorization of Date Palm Seeds

Hani Hussain Sait, Ahmed Hussain, Mohamed Bassyouni, Imtiaz Ali, Ramesh Kanthasamy, Bamidele Victor Ayodele and Yasser Elhenawy
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Hani Hussain Sait: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia
Ahmed Hussain: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia
Mohamed Bassyouni: Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia
Imtiaz Ali: Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia
Ramesh Kanthasamy: Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia
Bamidele Victor Ayodele: Institute of Energy Policy and Research, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan Ikram-Uniten, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
Yasser Elhenawy: Department of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Port Said University, Port Fouad City 42526, Egypt

Energies, 2022, vol. 15, issue 8, 1-13

Abstract: Pyrolysis has been demonstrated to be a highly effective thermochemical process for converting complex biomaterials into biochar and syngas rich in hydrogen. The pyrolysis of mixed date palm seeds from Saudi Arabia was conducted using a fixed-bed pyrolyzer that was custom made for the purpose. The influence of the pyrolysis temperature (200–1000 °C) on the various physicochemical parameters of the date seed biochar generated through the pyrolysis process and the hydrogen-rich syngas was investigated. Proximate and ultimate analyses indicated a high carbon content in the lignocellulosic constituents such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Using energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, it was discovered that the elemental composition of biochar changes with the pyrolysis temperature. The date seeds pyrolyzed at 800 °C were found to have the maximum carbon concentration, with 97.99% of the total carbon content. The analysis of the biochar indicated a high concentration of carbon, as well as magnesium and potassium. There was a potential for the production of hydrogen-rich syngas, which increased with the pyrolysis temperature. At 1000 °C, the highest hydrogen and carbon monoxide compositions of 40 mol% and 32 mol%, respectively, were obtained. The kinetic data of the date seed pyrolysis were fitted using linearized model-free methods, such as Friedman, Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO) and Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS), as well as non-linear methods such as Vyazovkin and advanced Vyazovkin. The activation energies obtained from Friedman, FWO, and KAS varied in the range of 30–75 kJ/mol, 30–65 kJ/mol, and 30–40 kJ/mol, respectively, while those of Vyazovkin and advanced Vyazovkin were found in the range of 25–30 kJ/mol, and 30–70 kJ/mol, respectively. The analysis showed that the FWO and KAS models show smaller variation compared to Friedman.

Keywords: biochar; biomass valorization; date palm seeds; hydrogen-rich syngas; pyrolysis; model-free kinetics (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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