Impact of the KKL Correlation Model on the Activation of Thermal Energy for the Hybrid Nanofluid (GO+ZnO+Water) Flow through Permeable Vertically Rotating Surface

Doaa Rizk, Asad Ullah, Ikramullah, Samia Elattar, Khalid Abdulkhaliq M. Alharbi, Mohammad Sohail, Rajwali Khan, Alamzeb Khan and Nabil Mlaiki
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Doaa Rizk: Department of Mathematics, College of Science and Arts, Qassim University, Al-Asyah 52571, Saudi Arabia
Asad Ullah: Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Lakki Marwat, Lakki Marwat 28420, Pakistan
Ikramullah: Department of Physics, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan
Samia Elattar: Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering, College of Engineering, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
Khalid Abdulkhaliq M. Alharbi: Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
Mohammad Sohail: Department of Physics, University of Lakki Marwat, Lakki Marwat 28420, Pakistan
Rajwali Khan: Department of Physics, University of Lakki Marwat, Lakki Marwat 28420, Pakistan
Alamzeb Khan: Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
Nabil Mlaiki: Department of Mathematics and Sciences, Prince Sultan University, P.O. Box 66833, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia

Energies, 2022, vol. 15, issue 8, 1-16

Abstract: The thermal energy transfer characteristics during hybrid nanofluid migration are studied in the presence of a variable magnetic field, heat source, and radiation. The flow is governed by the conservation laws of mass, momentum, and energy, whereas it is modeled by the coupled set of nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs). Suitable similarity transformations are employed to convert the developed set of PDEs to a nonlinear system of coupled ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The simplified system of ODEs is solved by using the well-established analytical procedure of homotopy analysis method (HAM). The effects of varying the strength of the physical parameters on the thermal energy transfer during hybrid nanofluid motion between two plates in which one of the plate is porous, rotating, as well as stretching are investigated through tables and two-dimensional graphs. The porosity is modeled through the Koo–Kleinstreuer model (KKL) correlation. The analysis reveals that the skin friction and Nusselt number augment with the increasing strength of the magnetic field and nanomaterials’ concentrations. The gradient in the fluid velocity has a dual dependence on the strength of the applied magnetic field and Grashof number and drops with the higher values of the unsteadiness parameter. The fluid velocity constricts with the enhancing magnetic field due to higher Lorentz forces, and it also drops with the increasing rotation rate. The enhancing buoyancy associated with higher Grashof number values augments the fluid velocity. The fluid’s temperature rises with the augmenting nanomaterial concentrations, Eckert number, nonsteadiness, heat source strength, and radiation parameter, while it drops with the higher Grashof number and Prandtl number. The applied technique of the HAM shows good convergence over a wide range of the convergent parameter. This work has potential applications in the development of efficient thermal energy transfer systems.

Keywords: hybrid nanofluids; nonlinear thermal radiations; magnetic field; porous surface; HAM (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (5)

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