Mixed-Integer Linear Programming Model to Assess Lithium-Ion Battery Degradation Cost

Débora B. S. Oliveira, Luna L. Glória, Rodrigo A. S. Kraemer, Alisson C. Silva, Douglas P. Dias, Alice C. Oliveira, Marcos A. I. Martins, Mathias A. Ludwig, Victor F. Gruner, Lenon Schmitz and Roberto F. Coelho
Additional contact information
Débora B. S. Oliveira: Center for Sustainable Energy, CERTI Foundation, Florianopolis 88040-900, Brazil
Luna L. Glória: Center for Sustainable Energy, CERTI Foundation, Florianopolis 88040-900, Brazil
Rodrigo A. S. Kraemer: Center for Sustainable Energy, CERTI Foundation, Florianopolis 88040-900, Brazil
Alisson C. Silva: Center for Sustainable Energy, CERTI Foundation, Florianopolis 88040-900, Brazil
Douglas P. Dias: Center for Sustainable Energy, CERTI Foundation, Florianopolis 88040-900, Brazil
Alice C. Oliveira: Center for Sustainable Energy, CERTI Foundation, Florianopolis 88040-900, Brazil
Marcos A. I. Martins: Center for Sustainable Energy, CERTI Foundation, Florianopolis 88040-900, Brazil
Mathias A. Ludwig: AES Brazil, R&D and Innovation, São Paulo 04578-000, Brazil
Victor F. Gruner: Electrical Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900, Brazil
Lenon Schmitz: Electrical Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900, Brazil
Roberto F. Coelho: Electrical Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900, Brazil

Energies, 2022, vol. 15, issue 9, 1-18

Abstract: This work proposes a mixed-integer linear programming model for the operational cost function of lithium-ion batteries that should be applied in a microgrid centralized controller. Such a controller aims to supply loads while optimizing the leveled cost of energy, and for that, the cost function of the battery must compete with the cost functions of other energy resources, such as distribution network, dispatchable generators, and renewable sources. In this paper, in order to consider the battery lifetime degradation, the proposed operational cost model is based on the variation in its state of health (SOH). This variation is determined by experimental data that relate the number of charge and discharge cycles to some of the most important factors that degrade the lifespan of lithium-ion batteries, resulting in a simple empirical model that depends on the battery dispatch power and the current state of charge (SOC). As proof-of-concept, hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulations of a real microgrid are performed considering a centralized controller with the proposed battery degradation cost function model. The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed cost model properly maintains the charging/discharging rates and the SOC at adequate levels, avoiding accelerating the battery degradation with use. For the different scenarios analyzed, the battery is only dispatched to avoid excess demand charges and to absorb extra power produced by the non-dispatchable resources, while the daily average SOC ranges from 48.86% to 65.87% and the final SOC converges to a value close to 50%, regardless of the initial SOC considered.

Keywords: battery energy storage system; degradation cost model; lithium-ion battery; microgrid power dispatch; mixed-integer linear programming (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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