Valve Regulated Lead Acid Battery Evaluation under Peak Shaving and Frequency Regulation Duty Cycles

Nimat Shamim, Vilayanur V. Viswanathan, Edwin C. Thomsen, Guosheng Li, David M. Reed and Vincent L. Sprenkle
Additional contact information
Nimat Shamim: Battery Materials & System Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
Vilayanur V. Viswanathan: Battery Materials & System Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
Edwin C. Thomsen: Battery Materials & System Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
Guosheng Li: Battery Materials & System Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
David M. Reed: Battery Materials & System Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
Vincent L. Sprenkle: Battery Materials & System Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA

Energies, 2022, vol. 15, issue 9, 1-19

Abstract: This work highlights the performance metrics and the fundamental degradation mechanisms of lead-acid battery technology and maps these mechanisms to generic duty cycles for peak shaving and frequency regulation grid services. Four valve regulated lead acid batteries have been tested for two peak shaving cycles at different discharge rates and two frequency regulation duty cycles at different SOC ranges. Reference performance and pulse resistance tests are done periodically to evaluate battery degradation over time. The results of the studies are expected to provide a valuable understanding of lead acid battery technology suitability for grid energy storage applications.

Keywords: valve regulated lead acid battery; grid energy storage; battery degradation; peak shaving; frequency regulation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/9/3389/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/9/3389/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:9:p:3389-:d:809592

Access Statistics for this article

Energies is currently edited by Ms. Agatha Cao

More articles in Energies from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().