Cistus ladanifer as a Potential Feedstock for Biorefineries: A Review

Júnia Alves-Ferreira, Luís C. Duarte, Maria C. Fernandes, Helena Pereira and Florbela Carvalheiro ()
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Júnia Alves-Ferreira: LNEG—Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia, Unidade de Bioenergia e Biorrefinarias, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar, 22, 1649-038 Lisboa, Portugal
Luís C. Duarte: LNEG—Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia, Unidade de Bioenergia e Biorrefinarias, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar, 22, 1649-038 Lisboa, Portugal
Maria C. Fernandes: CEBAL—Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo, Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), Rua Pedro Soares, S.N.-Campus IPBeja/ESAB, Apartado 6158, 7801-908 Beja, Portugal
Helena Pereira: CEF—Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
Florbela Carvalheiro: LNEG—Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia, Unidade de Bioenergia e Biorrefinarias, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar, 22, 1649-038 Lisboa, Portugal

Energies, 2022, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-24

Abstract: Cistus ladanifer (rockrose) is a widespread shrub species in the Mediterranean region well known due to its production of labdanum gum, especially in the hot season. Its leaves and branches can be subjected to different extraction and distillation processes to produce various types of extracts. The natural extracts of C. ladanifer have several applications, especially in the perfumery and cosmetics sector. C. ladanifer extracts, in addition to presenting interesting odoriferous properties, are also known for their bioactive properties, such as antioxidant and antimicrobial. Use of this species in animal feed or phytostabilisation of mining areas has also been successfully applied. On the other hand, the lignin and polysaccharides that are the major fractions from Cistus residues can be relevant sources of high-value products in a biorefinery framework. Recently, it has been reported that the residues obtained from the essential oil industry can sustain production of significant amounts of other marketable products, namely phenolic compounds, oligomeric and monomeric sugars, lignin, and lactic acid. All these applications show the potential of C. ladanifer as a raw material to be fully valued in a biorefinery context, contributing to important revenues and generating an associated marketable biobased product portfolio.

Keywords: added-value products; bioeconomy; biofuels; essential oils; integrated upgrade; rockrose (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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