Effectiveness of Butanol and Deposit Control Additive in Fuel to Reduce Deposits of Gasoline Direct Injection Engine Injectors

Ireneusz Pielecha (), Zbigniew Stępień, Filip Szwajca and Grzegorz Kinal
Additional contact information
Ireneusz Pielecha: Faculty of Civil and Transport Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
Zbigniew Stępień: Oil and Gas Institute—National Research Institute, 31-503 Krakow, Poland
Filip Szwajca: Faculty of Civil and Transport Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
Grzegorz Kinal: Faculty of Civil and Transport Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland

Energies, 2022, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-18

Abstract: Modern internal combustion engines are designed to meet new emission standards and reduce fuel consumption. The wide application of direct fuel injection is associated with the problem of injector contamination. It leads to a deterioration of the engine’s environmental performance. The paper aims to evaluate the effect of applying gasoline–butanol blends and appropriate additives on the formation of injector deposits. The research involved testing the engine on a dynamometer, evaluating the injector tips visually at 1000× magnification, and registering the fuel spray using high-speed imaging techniques with a laser and halogen lighting source. The effect of engine operating with the reference fuel was to coke the injector tip with a linear pattern. It increased the linear injection time to keep the engine’s operating point constant over the 48 h test. The application of 20% ( v / v ) butanol reduced deposit formation. The best scavenging results were obtained by extending the engine operating time by the next 24 h and using a cleaning procedure. The procedure included a cleaning additive in addition to butanol. Among the cases analyzed, a combination of butanol and DCA (Deposit Control Additive) was the best method for injector patency restoration.

Keywords: GDI engine; injector deposition; butanol; DCA; fuel atomization quality (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/1/77/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/1/77/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2022:i:1:p:77-:d:1010452

Access Statistics for this article

Energies is currently edited by Ms. Agatha Cao

More articles in Energies from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().