Investigating the Drying Process of Ceramic Sanitary Ware at Low Temperature

Ricardo S. Gomez, Kelly C. Gomes, José M. A. M. Gurgel, Laís B. Alves, Hortência L. F. Magalhães, Raíssa A. Queiroga, Gustavo C. P. Sousa, Aline S. Oliveira, Anderson F. Vilela, Bruna T. A. Silva, Danielle B. T. Vasconcelos, Glauco R. F. Brito and Antonio G. B. Lima ()
Additional contact information
Ricardo S. Gomez: Postgraduate Program in Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Paraíba, Brazil
Kelly C. Gomes: Postgraduate Program in Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Paraíba, Brazil
José M. A. M. Gurgel: Postgraduate Program in Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Paraíba, Brazil
Laís B. Alves: Dexco S.A, João Pessoa 58082-797, Paraíba, Brazil
Hortência L. F. Magalhães: Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina 39100-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Raíssa A. Queiroga: Postgraduate Program in Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Paraíba, Brazil
Gustavo C. P. Sousa: Postgraduate Program in Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Paraíba, Brazil
Aline S. Oliveira: Postgraduate Program in Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Paraíba, Brazil
Anderson F. Vilela: Department of Agro-Industrial Management and Technology, Federal University of Paraíba, Bananeiras 58220-000, Paraíba, Brazil
Bruna T. A. Silva: Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, Paraíba, Brazil
Danielle B. T. Vasconcelos: Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Alagoas, Piranhas 57460-000, Alagoas, Brazil
Glauco R. F. Brito: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, Paraíba, Brazil
Antonio G. B. Lima: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, Paraíba, Brazil

Energies, 2023, vol. 16, issue 10, 1-20

Abstract: Drying is one of the stages with the highest energy consumption in the manufacturing process of ceramic materials and aims to reduce the product’s moisture to levels necessary for safe firing stage, reducing the chances of defect formation. For sanitary ware, there is an additional energy cost in the pre-drying stage, which takes place immediately after removing the parts from the molds, and is carried out in an environment with lower temperatures (ranging from 30 to 40 °C). This work aims to experimentally study the drying process of sanitary ware at low temperatures, with particular reference to sanitary toilets with industrial dimensions. Four drying experiments were carried out in an oven with different operating conditions (temperature and relative humidity). The results indicate that an increase in temperature and reduction in relative humidity provoke a faster drying rate. For some physical situations, it is more interesting to dedicate efforts to reducing the relative humidity of the drying air instead of seeking solutions to raise its temperature. Furthermore, a correlation between the linear retraction and moisture content was observed; the greater the moisture loss, the greater the sample shrinkage.

Keywords: sanitary toilet; ceramics; clay; heat; mass (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/10/4242/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/10/4242/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:10:p:4242-:d:1152649

Access Statistics for this article

Energies is currently edited by Ms. Agatha Cao

More articles in Energies from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().