Carbonate Concretions in Triassic Yanchang Formation (Ordos Basin, China) as Evidence of Hydrothermal Activity

Mengsi Sun, Congjun Feng () and Chiyang Liu
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Mengsi Sun: School of Petroleum and Environmental Engineering, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China
Congjun Feng: State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Northwest University, Taibai Road 229, Xi’an 710069, China
Chiyang Liu: State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Northwest University, Taibai Road 229, Xi’an 710069, China

Energies, 2023, vol. 16, issue 11, 1-17

Abstract: The discovery of concretions of Chang 7 shale formations in the Ordos basin has increased interest in the exploration of lacustrine carbonate genesis in these basins. In this paper, these concretions were sampled and used in major, trace, and isotopic geochemistry tests. We used a microscope to investigate these concretions, and the results showed that the concretions consisted of carbonate rocks, the calcite was hydrothermal calcite, and obvious hydrothermal activity was present in the Yanchang period. We used seismic data to interpret the faults, and we determined that tectonic activity was relatively frequent in the middle–late Triassic period and that the faults were channels for hydrothermal upwelling. During the middle–late Triassic period, tectonic movement of the basin occurred, and synsedimentary faults developed in the Yanchang Formation. As deep hydrothermal gushers rose through faults and fractures, they carried particles upward through the deep limestone strata. When the hydrothermal gushers reached the lake bottom, the particles precipitated and eventually formed concretions via diagenesis.

Keywords: hydrothermal activity; geochemistry characteristics; carbonate concretion; syndepositional fault; Ordos Basin (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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