Sustainable Development of Operational Infrastructure for Electric Vehicles: A Case Study for Poland

Adrian Chmielewski (), Piotr Piórkowski, Jakub Możaryn and Stepan Ozana
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Adrian Chmielewski: Institute of Vehicles and Construction Machinery Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Narbutta 84 Str., 02-524 Warsaw, Poland
Piotr Piórkowski: Institute of Vehicles and Construction Machinery Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Narbutta 84 Str., 02-524 Warsaw, Poland
Jakub Możaryn: Institute of Automatic Control and Robotics, Warsaw University of Technology, Sw. A. Boboli 8, 02-525 Warsaw, Poland
Stepan Ozana: Department of Cybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB–Technical University of Ostrava, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic

Energies, 2023, vol. 16, issue 11, 1-43

Abstract: This article overviews Poland’s current electric vehicle infrastructure development. It discusses market segmentation and the analysis of charging standards, connectors, and types of charging. The paper focuses on Poland’s charging infrastructure, including costs and charging times for popular electric vehicle models in 2022. It highlights the challenges faced by charging operators and the barriers to infrastructure development. The article also presents the outlook for the electric vehicle market in Poland until 2025 and 2030. Furthermore, it examines private charger development, particularly in prosumer households with renewable energy sources. The implementation of smart charging and the potential for vehicle-to-grid technology in Poland are addressed. Lastly, a comparative analysis of incentives for electric vehicle users in Poland and Norway is discussed in the context of achieving 100% zero-emission vehicle sales by 31 December 2035, in Poland.

Keywords: operational infrastructure; battery electric vehicles; recharging station; recharging point; recharging connectors; bi-directional charger; smart charging; prosumer micro-installation; energy aggregator; renewable energy sources (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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