Cybersecurity in Cyber–Physical Power Systems

Luiz Fernando Ribas Monteiro, Yuri R. Rodrigues and A. C. Zambroni de Souza ()
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Luiz Fernando Ribas Monteiro: Institute of Electrical System and Energy, Federal University of Itajuba, Itajuba 37500-903, MG, Brazil
Yuri R. Rodrigues: Department of Engineering and Computer Science, Seattle Pacific University, Seattle, WA 98119, USA
A. C. Zambroni de Souza: Institute of Electrical System and Energy, Federal University of Itajuba, Itajuba 37500-903, MG, Brazil

Energies, 2023, vol. 16, issue 12, 1-34

Abstract: The current energy transition combined with the modernization of power systems has provided meaningful transformations in the transmission, distribution, operation, planning, monitoring, and control of power systems. These advancements are heavily dependent on the employment of new computing and communications technologies, which, combined with traditional physical systems, lead to the emergence of cyber–physical systems (CPSs). In this sense, besides the traditional challenges of keeping a reliable, affordable, and safe power grid, one must now deal with the new vulnerabilities to cyberattacks that emerge with the advancement of CPSs. Aware of this perspective and the severity of the ongoing challenges faced by the industry due to cyberattacks, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive survey of the literature on cybersecurity in cyber–physical power systems. For this, clear definitions, historical timelines, and classifications of the main types of cyberattacks, including the concepts, architectures, and basic components that make up, as well as the vulnerabilities in managing, controlling, and protecting, a CPS are presented. Furthermore, this paper presents defense strategies and future trends for cybersecurity. To conduct this study, a careful search was made in relevant academic and industrial databases, leading to a detailed reporting of key works focused on mitigating cyberattacks and ensuring the cybersecurity of modern CPSs. Finally, the paper presents some standards and regulations that technical and international institutions on cybersecurity in smart grids have created.

Keywords: cybersecurity; cyber–physical systems; cyberattack; monitoring; control; protection; defense strategies; future trends; power systems; energy transition (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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