Optimizing Load Frequency Control in Standalone Marine Microgrids Using Meta-Heuristic Techniques

Sanath Alahakoon, Rajib Baran Roy () and Shantha Jayasinghe Arachchillage
Additional contact information
Sanath Alahakoon: School of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton 4701, Australia
Rajib Baran Roy: School of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton 4701, Australia
Shantha Jayasinghe Arachchillage: Australian Energy Market Operator, Melbourne 3000, Australia

Energies, 2023, vol. 16, issue 13, 1-23

Abstract: Integrating renewable resources into the electrical systems of marine vessels achieves the dual goal of diversifying energy resources and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The presence of intermittent renewable sources and sudden nonlinear load changes can cause frequency deviations in isolated hybrid marine microgrids. To address this issue, the paper proposes a conventional PID (proportional–integral–derivative)-controller-based LFC (load frequency controller) which is optimized by meta-heuristic optimization algorithms, namely, PSO (particle swarm optimization), GWO (grey wolf optimization) and hybrid PSO-GWO. The proposed LFC was designed using transfer functions of various microgrid components, with ITAE (integral time absolute error) and ITSE (integral time square error) serving as performance indices. The proposed LFC’s validation was performed through HIL (hardware-in-loop) real-time simulation using a DS 1104 R&D controller board, with simulation results showing the better performance of the optimized frequency response compared to the nonoptimized LFC controller in terms of rise time, fall time, slew rate and overshoot. The hybrid PSO-GWO algorithm performs better than the other optimization algorithms. The simulation results demonstrate the stability and robustness of the proposed controller. In summary, the proposed PID-controller-based LFC can regulate frequency deviation in standalone hybrid marine microgrids effectively.

Keywords: marine microgrid; load frequency controller; PID; hybrid PSO-BFO algorithm; ITAE; ITSE; HIL (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/13/4846/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/13/4846/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:13:p:4846-:d:1176114

Access Statistics for this article

Energies is currently edited by Ms. Agatha Cao

More articles in Energies from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().