Energy Internet-Based Load Shifting in Smart Microgrids: An Experimental Study

Ali M. Jasim (), Basil H. Jasim, Soheil Mohseni () and Alan C. Brent
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Ali M. Jasim: Electrical Engineering Department, University of Basrah, Basrah 61001, Iraq
Basil H. Jasim: Electrical Engineering Department, University of Basrah, Basrah 61001, Iraq
Soheil Mohseni: Sustainable Energy Systems, Wellington Faculty of Engineering, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
Alan C. Brent: Sustainable Energy Systems, Wellington Faculty of Engineering, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand

Energies, 2023, vol. 16, issue 13, 1-26

Abstract: This study investigated a grid-connected smart microgrid (MG) system integrating solar photovoltaic (PV) panels and a battery energy storage system (BESS) as distributed energy resources (DERs) to locally serve residential loads. The load-shifting demand-side management (DSM) technique was employed to effectively manage the load appliances. The proposed load-shifting algorithm relies on minimum price incentives to allow customers to allocate their load appliances economically during minimum price periods. The algorithm considers the waiting times and minimum tariff periods for appliances, calculates precise operating durations for each appliance, and prioritizes powering the appliances from the MG first, followed by the main grid. The system comprises two non-shiftable and three shiftable loads. When the MG power is insufficient to activate all shiftable loads, the system transfers the remaining unsupplied shiftable appliances to periods with low-priced energy. The Energy Internet concept is adopted to manage energy and monitor usage when a customer is unable to check the accuracy of their energy meter by supervising the system’s features on-site. The proposed comprehensive system enables load management, continuous monitoring, customer awareness, and energy cost saving. Six cases were studied, both numerically and experimentally, with varying MG power generation and load pre-scheduling periods, with and without DSM application. In all adopted cases, the implemented system save energy costs by at least 50%.

Keywords: smart microgrid; demand-side management; load shifting; energy internet; renewable energy resources; energy management (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

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