A Binary Archimedes Optimization Algorithm and Weighted Sum Method for UFLS in Islanded Distribution Systems Considering the Stability Index and Load Priority

Hazwani Mohd Rosli (), Hazlie Mokhlis (), Nurulafiqah Nadzirah Mansor, Norazliani Md Sapari, Syahirah Abd Halim, Li Wang and Mohamad Fani Sulaima
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Hazwani Mohd Rosli: Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya (UM), Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
Hazlie Mokhlis: Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya (UM), Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
Nurulafiqah Nadzirah Mansor: Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya (UM), Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
Norazliani Md Sapari: School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
Syahirah Abd Halim: Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Malaysia
Li Wang: Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 70101, Taiwan
Mohamad Fani Sulaima: Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka 76100, Malaysia

Energies, 2023, vol. 16, issue 13, 1-21

Abstract: This study proposes an under-frequency load-shedding (UFLS) scheme based on a binary Archimedes Optimization Algorithm (BAOA) and the Weighted Sum Method (WSM) to maintain the stability of an islanded distribution system. These methods consider stability indices and load priorities to ensure effective load shedding during frequency deviations. The BAOA determines the optimal load shedding based on the stability index and power mismatch that minimizes the impact on critical loads while maintaining system stability in an islanded distribution system. The WSM determines the rank of the load to be shed based on four criteria: the load priority, the load category, the stability index, and the load size. Each load is assigned a weight based on its priority. These weight variables determine the order in which loads are shed during frequency deviations. The effectiveness of the proposed UFLS was tested on an 11 kV Malaysian distribution network with two mini hydro distributed generation systems. A comparative study was conducted based on five result outputs, including the number of loads shed, the size of the loads shed, the frequency undershoot, the frequency overshoot, and the time taken to achieve a stable frequency in three cases: base load, peak load, and peak load with photovoltaics (PV). The proposed UFLS showed the best results for 11 of 15 outputs (73.3%) for islanding events and 9 of 15 outputs (60%) for overloading events. The voltage profile and stability index, also, were improved after the proposed UFLS was applied.

Keywords: under-frequency load shedding; islanded distribution system; frequency response; stability index; Archimedes Optimization Algorithm; Weighted Sum Method (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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