Development of Virtual Inertia Control with State-of-Charge Recovery Strategy Using Coordinated Secondary Frequency Control for Optimized Battery Capacity in Isolated Low Inertia Grid

Fauzan Hanif Jufri, Jaesung Jung, Budi Sudiarto and Iwa Garniwa ()
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Fauzan Hanif Jufri: Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
Jaesung Jung: Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 01811, Republic of Korea
Budi Sudiarto: Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
Iwa Garniwa: Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia

Energies, 2023, vol. 16, issue 14, 1-22

Abstract: Integrating renewable energy through inverter-based generators has decreased the power system’s inertia. Reduced inertia may lead to frequency instability during power imbalance disturbances, particularly in an isolated power system with limited inertia. The Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) and a virtual inertia (VI) emulation control system have become popular to mitigate this issue. Nonetheless, the BESS utilization for VI emulation is highly dependent on the availability of BESS capacity, which may affect the energy cost. Therefore, developing a VI emulation control strategy that requires less energy and can recover the state of charge (SoC) to a desired level to optimize BESS utilization is required. This paper proposes a VI control with an SoC recovery strategy through coordination with the generators’ secondary frequency control. Instead of relying on the frequency, such as in the conventional approach, the controlled signal of the generators’ secondary frequency control also includes the VI power and BESS SoC. Hence, the generators can contribute to lowering the VI required energy and recovering the BESS SoC. The results show that the proposed method outperforms the conventional method by requiring around 36% lower energy and the ability to maintain the BESS SoC.

Keywords: battery energy storage system (BESS); isolated grid; low inertia; secondary frequency control; virtual inertia (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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