Impact of a Redox Flow Battery on the Frequency Stability of a Five-Area System Integrated with Renewable Sources

Narendra Kumar Jena, Subhadra Sahoo, Binod Kumar Sahu, Amiya Kumar Naik, Mohit Bajaj (), Stanislav Misak, Vojtech Blazek and Lukas Prokop ()
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Narendra Kumar Jena: Department of Electrical Engineering, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar 751024, India
Subhadra Sahoo: Department of Electrical Engineering, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar 751024, India
Binod Kumar Sahu: Department of Electrical Engineering, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar 751024, India
Amiya Kumar Naik: Department of Electrical Engineering, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar 751024, India
Mohit Bajaj: Department of Electrical Engineering, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun 248002, India
Stanislav Misak: ENET Centre, VSB—Technical University of Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
Vojtech Blazek: ENET Centre, VSB—Technical University of Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
Lukas Prokop: ENET Centre, VSB—Technical University of Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic

Energies, 2023, vol. 16, issue 14, 1-29

Abstract: Energy storage devices are imperative to damp out the oscillations caused by sudden magnified disturbances occurring in a power system. The presence of a small rating of storage device in each area can alleviate the system oscillations effectively. Therefore, in this work, redox flow batteries (RFBs) have been integrated in each area of a five-area interconnected system for effective load frequency control (LFC). The RFB pumps up the active power into the system quickly to meet the short-time overload; in turn, the efficacy of the LFC in the system is boosted. Despite the presence of the RFB in the power system, a secondary controller is necessary to quench the deviation of frequency and tie-line power caused by the power mismatch between demand and generation. In this perspective, a cascade controller incorporated with a fractional operator (FO) has been endorsed and designed through a nascent selfish herd optimizer technique to evaluate the transient response of the system. Besides this, the unprecedented performance of fractional-order cascade controllers has been compared with one-stage classical controllers with and without a fractional operator. Further, the robustness of the proposed controller has been inspected through subjecting it to a random load in the presence/absence of an RFB and parametric variation. Finally, the proposed model has been simulated in the OPAL-RT-4510 platform to validate the performance of the proposed controller that has produced in the MATLAB environment.

Keywords: load frequency control; fractional order controller; cascade controller; selfish herd optimizer; robustness analysis; redox flow battery; Li-ion battery (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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