Release of Sulfur and Chlorine Gas Species during Combustion and Pyrolysis of Walnut Shells in an Entrained Flow Reactor

Coskun Yildiz (), Marcel Richter, Jochen Ströhle and Bernd Epple
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Coskun Yildiz: Institute for Energy Systems and Technology (EST), Technical University of Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Straße 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
Marcel Richter: Institute for Energy Systems and Technology (EST), Technical University of Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Straße 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
Jochen Ströhle: Institute for Energy Systems and Technology (EST), Technical University of Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Straße 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
Bernd Epple: Institute for Energy Systems and Technology (EST), Technical University of Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Straße 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany

Energies, 2023, vol. 16, issue 15, 1-18

Abstract: The release behavior of sulfur and chlorine compounds into the gas phase of walnut shell particles (WNS) is studied with an entrained flow reactor. Experiments are carried out in nitrogen (N 2 ), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) atmosphere and under air and oxy-fuel conditions at different temperatures ( T = 1000–1300 °C) and stoichiometries ( λ = 0.8–1.1). A total of 98.7% of fuel-bound sulfur volatilizes as sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), carbonyl sulfide (COS) and hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) in the gas phase in N 2 atmosphere at 1000 °C. As hydrogen chloride (HCl), 37.0% of the chlorine is released at this temperature. In CO 2 atmosphere, a similar total release of sulfur and chlorine is observed (1000 °C). With each temperature increment, the release of SO 2 , H 2 S and HCl in the gas phase decreases (N 2 and CO 2 atmosphere). SO 2 forms the major sulfur component in both atmospheres. In CO 2 atmosphere, higher concentrations of COS were detected than in N 2 atmosphere. Air and oxy-fuel combustion conditions show significantly lower SO 2 , COS and HCl concentrations as in N 2 and CO 2 atmosphere. No H 2 S is detected in the gas phase during any of the combustion trials.

Keywords: walnut shell; entrained flow reactor; pyrolysis; gasification; combustion; oxy-fuel; sulfur; chlorine (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

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