Modelling of the Standalone Onshore Charging Station: The Nexus between Offshore Renewables and All-Electric Ships

Lovro Frković, Boris Ćosić, Tomislav Pukšec and Nikola Vladimir ()
Additional contact information
Lovro Frković: Center of Technology Transfer LLC, Ivana Lučića 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Boris Ćosić: International Centre for Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems, Ivana Lučića 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Tomislav Pukšec: Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, Ivana Lučića 5, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia
Nikola Vladimir: Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, Ivana Lučića 5, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia

Energies, 2023, vol. 16, issue 15, 1-16

Abstract: The environmental sustainability of the battery-powered electric ferry (BEF) depends on the share of renewable energy sources (RESs) in the power system. The BEFs impose significant load on the power grid and it is challenging to achieve their sustainability in isolated energy systems (IES), such as islands that have limited land available for integrating RESs. The proposed solution for achieving the sustainability of BEF in such challenging environments is the integration of a standalone onshore charging station (OCS) powered with a hybrid offshore RES. The nexus between the electricity supply of the offshore photovoltaic (PV) and wind power systems and the electricity demand of BEF can reduce the required capacity of the energy storage systems (ESSs) and improve the environmental and economic performance of the standalone OCS. This study considered 45 standalone OCS scenarios to select the share of the offshore RES that matches the BEF electricity demand and improves the economic and environmental indicators of the standalone OCS. The model included characterisation of the offshore RES electricity supply, BEF electricity demand, critical excess of electricity production (CEEP), critical deficit of electricity production (CDEP) and costs. Simulations were conducted in EnergyPLAN, which used a high-resolution spatiotemporal dataset (8784 h) for the Island of Cres for 2030. The results confirmed that standalone OCS with the hybrid offshore RES provides a better match with BEF electricity demand compared to the scenarios based on an individual offshore RES.

Keywords: electrification; battery-powered electric ferry; onshore charging station; offshore renewable energy sources (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/15/5789/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/15/5789/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:15:p:5789-:d:1210117

Access Statistics for this article

Energies is currently edited by Ms. Agatha Cao

More articles in Energies from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().