Planning of an LVAC Distribution System with Centralized PV and Decentralized PV Integration for a Rural Village

Dara Eam, Vannak Vai (), Chhith Chhlonh and Samphors Eng
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Dara Eam: Energy Technology and Management Unit, Research and Innovation Center, Institute of Technology of Cambodia, Russian Federation Blvd., Phnom Penh P.O. Box 86, Cambodia
Vannak Vai: Department of Electrical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Institute of Technology of Cambodia, Russian Federation Blvd., Phnom Penh P.O. Box 86, Cambodia
Chhith Chhlonh: Energy Technology and Management Unit, Research and Innovation Center, Institute of Technology of Cambodia, Russian Federation Blvd., Phnom Penh P.O. Box 86, Cambodia
Samphors Eng: Energy Technology and Management Unit, Research and Innovation Center, Institute of Technology of Cambodia, Russian Federation Blvd., Phnom Penh P.O. Box 86, Cambodia

Energies, 2023, vol. 16, issue 16, 1-19

Abstract: Energy demand is continuously increasing, leading to yearly expansions in low-voltage (LV) distribution systems integrated with PVs to deliver electricity to users with techno-economic considerations. This study proposes and compares different topology planning strategies with and without PVs in a rural area of Cambodia over 30 years of planning. Firstly, the optimal radial topology from a distribution transformer to end-users is provided using the shortest path algorithm. Secondly, two different phase balancing concepts (i.e., pole balancing and load balancing) with different phase connection methods (i.e., power losses and energy losses) are proposed and compared to find the optimal topology. Then, the integration of centralized (CePV) and decentralized PV (DePV) into the optimal topology is investigated for three different scenarios, which are zero-injection (MV and LV levels), no sell-back price, and a sell-back price. Next, the minimum sell-back price from CePV and DePV integration is determined. To optimize phase balancing, including the location and size of PV, an optimization technique using a water cycle algorithm (WCA) is applied. Finally, an economic analysis of each scenario based on the highest net present cost (NPC), including capital expenditure (CAPEX) and operational expenditure (OPEX) over the planning period, is evaluated. In addition, technical indicators, such as autonomous time and energy, and environmental indicator, which is quantified by CO 2 emissions, are taken into account. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Keywords: LVAC distribution system; shortest path; phase balancing; centralized PV; decentralized PV; net present cost; optimization; planning; zero injection to the grid; sell-back price (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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