Reducing CO 2 Emissions for PV-CHP Hybrid Systems by Using a Hierarchical Control Algorithm

Tanja M. Kneiske ()
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Tanja M. Kneiske: Fraunhofer Institute for Energy Economics and Energy System Technology (IEE), Joseph-Beuys-Str. 8, 34117 Kassel, Germany

Energies, 2023, vol. 16, issue 17, 1-24

Abstract: National targets for CO 2 reduction in the German building sector have stagnated due to low refurbishment rates. This paper proposes an alternative approach using highly efficient, decentralized energy systems. By combining photovoltaic (PV) systems and combined heat and power (CHP) plants controlled by a modified hierarchical control algorithm, CO 2 emissions can be reduced. Results from a single-family home show a 13% CO 2 reduction with only 11% higher operational costs on heating days. On summer days, up to 50% CO 2 emissions can be avoided without additional costs. The control algorithm easily adapts to changing input parameters, making it suitable for different countries and business cases. Overall, with its modified control, the PV-CHP hybrid system can effectively reduce CO 2 emissions and adapt to varying conditions. The control can be easily used for other energy systems, like fuel cells or heat pumps.

Keywords: smart buildings; hiearchical control algorithm; mixed linear integer problem; photovoltaic; combined heat and power; model predictive control; greenhouse gas emissions (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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