Cooperative Voltage and Frequency Regulation with Wind Farm: A Model-Based Offline Optimal Control Approach

Hua Li, Xudong Li, Weichen Xiong, Yichen Yan (), Yuanhang Zhang and Peng Kou
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Hua Li: Power Research Institute of State Grid Shaanxi Electric Power Company Limited, Xi’an 710100, China
Xudong Li: Power Research Institute of State Grid Shaanxi Electric Power Company Limited, Xi’an 710100, China
Weichen Xiong: Power Research Institute of State Grid Shaanxi Electric Power Company Limited, Xi’an 710100, China
Yichen Yan: State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Smart Grid, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
Yuanhang Zhang: State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Smart Grid, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
Peng Kou: State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Smart Grid, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China

Energies, 2023, vol. 16, issue 17, 1-19

Abstract: Converter blocking is a serious malfunction encountered in high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems. During sending-end converter blocking, the resultant active power and reactive power surplus in the sending-end power system lead to a severe increase in bus voltage and grid frequency. Consequently, this poses a substantial threat to the stability of the power system. Traditional control techniques generally control the frequency and voltage separately, which makes it challenging to regulate them jointly. This research paper introduces a collaborative approach for optimal control of voltage and frequency to address this issue. State space models for converter bus voltage and grid frequency prediction are developed using the bus voltage sensitivity matrices and system swing equation. The regulation of the converter bus voltage and grid frequency are intrinsically integrated using the explicit model predictive control (EMPC). When blocking occurs and results in an increase in the converter bus voltage and grid frequency, the EMPC controller regulates the output of active power and reactive power from the wind farm to realize the cooperative regulation of the converter bus voltage and grid frequency. The applicability and effectiveness of this strategy have been confirmed through simulation studies.

Keywords: wind farm; high voltage direct current transmission; frequency regulation; voltage control (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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