New Renewable Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL) Biofuel: A Combustion and Emissions Study in an Optical Engine

Shivang Khare (), Karl Oskar Pires Bjørgen, Komeil Kohansal, Muhammad Salman Haider, Daniele Castello, Thomas Helmer Pedersen, Terese Løvås and David Robert Emberson
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Shivang Khare: Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7034 Trondheim, Norway
Karl Oskar Pires Bjørgen: Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7034 Trondheim, Norway
Komeil Kohansal: Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
Muhammad Salman Haider: Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
Daniele Castello: Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
Thomas Helmer Pedersen: Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
Terese Løvås: Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7034 Trondheim, Norway
David Robert Emberson: Department of Marine Technology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway

Energies, 2023, vol. 16, issue 18, 1-21

Abstract: This study involves the investigation of municipal solid waste (MSW) based biofuel in order to demonstrate its utilization as a diesel blendstock in a compression ignition (CI) engine. The biofuel was produced from the Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL) process. The tested biofuels represented both distilled (known as nonupgraded HTL biofuel) and hydrotreated (known as upgraded HTL biofuel) fuels, obtained from raw bio-crude. The effects of the HTL biofuel and diesel blending on the combustion and emission characteristics were investigated. A comparative study of nonupgraded and upgraded HTL biofuel in terms of combustion and emissions was conducted. The upgraded HTL biofuel was blended with reference diesel (RD) by 5%, 10%, and 40% by weight, respectively, and the nonupgraded HTL biofuel was blended with RD by 10% by weight. The experiments were conducted in an optically accessible compression ignition chamber (OACIC) with engine-like thermodynamic conditions. The parameters were recorded at a constant speed and at fixed thermodynamic conditions. The heat release rate (HRR), in-cylinder pressure, ignition delay (ID), flame lift-off length (FLOL), and in-flame soot were measured. The PM, CO, NOx, and CO 2 were also recorded. In summary, the HTL blends exhibited a close resemblance to the reference diesel across a range of combustion parameters and regulated emissions. Furthermore, the upgraded HTL blends outperformed the nonupgraded blend in terms of both combustion characteristics and emissions.

Keywords: HTL biofuel; combustion; emissions; optical engine (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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