Review on Gassing Tendency of Different Insulating Fluids towards Transformer Applications

Arputhasamy Joseph Amalanathan, Ramanujam Sarathi, Maciej Zdanowski (), Ravikrishnan Vinu and Zbigniew Nadolny ()
Additional contact information
Arputhasamy Joseph Amalanathan: Department of High Voltage Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, University of Applied Sciences, 02763 Zittau, Germany
Ramanujam Sarathi: Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
Maciej Zdanowski: Department of Electric Power Engineering and Renewable Energy, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatic Control and Computer Science, Opole University of Technology, Prószkowska 76, 45-758 Opole, Poland
Ravikrishnan Vinu: Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
Zbigniew Nadolny: Department of High Voltage and Electrotechnical Materials, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Institute of Power Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland

Energies, 2023, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-15

Abstract: This paper reports the critical reviews on the gassing tendency of different insulating fluids along with the precautionary measures to be considered during their fault diagnosis in transformer insulation. The experimental techniques and procedures for identifying the gassing due to electrical and thermal stress along with the stray gassing phenomenon has been elucidated. The different interpretation schemes used for determining the faults in transformers results in unexpected errors when the historical data relating to mineral oil is used for the other alternative fluids. Mineral oil and natural ester show a positive gassing tendency compared to synthetic ester which exhibit a negative gassing tendency. The stray gases are mostly due to breakage of C-C bonds under normal operating temperature of transformer. Among the different hydrocarbons, hydrogen and ethylene are more predominantly formed under lower temperatures. The silicone oil and ester fluids are more stable even under localised hot spots simulated observing a lesser gassing compared to the mineral oil. The impact of additives along with the oxygen and water content in the insulating fluids can lead to the stray gas’s causing confusion towards the identification of actual faults occurring in transformers. Furthermore, the regeneration of insulating fluids using different adsorbents reduces the gassing tendency depending on the number of cycles used for its reclamation.

Keywords: gassing; mineral oil; ester fluid; hydrogen; ethylene; stray gassing; thermal stress; electrical stress; regeneration (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/1/488/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/1/488/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:1:p:488-:d:1022608

Access Statistics for this article

Energies is currently edited by Ms. Agatha Cao

More articles in Energies from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().