Demand Response with Electrical Heating in Detached Houses in Finland and Comparison with BESS for Increasing PV Self-Consumption

Juha Koskela () and Pertti Järventausta
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Juha Koskela: Unit of Electrical Engineering, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 7, FI-33720 Tampere, Finland
Pertti Järventausta: Unit of Electrical Engineering, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 7, FI-33720 Tampere, Finland

Energies, 2023, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-25

Abstract: Distributed electric power production by small-scale customers is increasing continuously. Photovoltaic production is a popular method of producing self-energy for customers. Additionally, power systems require more flexibility when weather-dependent renewable energy production increases. Small-scale customers can increase the self-consumption of self-produced energy by using batteries or a demand response operation. However, batteries require high investment, and demand response operations induce a loss of comfort. Customers who heat their buildings using electric heaters are a good target for demand response operations because their heating can be controlled with limited changes in the indoor temperature. The demand response potential of a building can be defined by simply using customer load profiles and knowledge of the outdoor temperature. Any other information is not required in the proposed novel method. A tolerable variation in indoor temperature corresponds to considerably smaller battery capacity, though it is still a significant amount. With an optimally sized photovoltaic system, it is possible to use both methods simultaneously to increase self-consumption. Maximal benefits can be attained from both methods if the battery system is used as a primary control and the demand response is used as a secondary control. The defined novel method for determining the demand response potential of small-scale customers can also be used when estimating the flexibility of a large customer group. Small-scale customers together can provide significant flexible capacity when their electrical heating is centrally controlled.

Keywords: demand response; battery; buildings; photovoltaic (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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