Catalytic Cracking of Palm Oil: Effect of Catalyst Reuse and Reaction Time of the Quality of Biofuels-like Fractions

Nélio Teixeira Machado (), Andréia de Andrade Mancio da Mota, Jhuliana da Silva Santanna, Valtiane de Jesus Pantoja da Gama, José Roberto Zamian, Luiz Eduardo Pizarro Borges and Silvio Alex Pereira da Mota
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Nélio Teixeira Machado: Graduate Program of Natural Resources Engineering of Amazon, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa № 1, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
Andréia de Andrade Mancio da Mota: Graduate Program of Natural Resources Engineering of Amazon, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa № 1, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
Jhuliana da Silva Santanna: Laboratory of Processes and Transformation of Materials (LPTM), Faculdade de Engenharia de Materiais, Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, Quadra 17, Bloco 4, Lote Especial, Marabá 68505-080, Brazil
Valtiane de Jesus Pantoja da Gama: Laboratory of Processes and Transformation of Materials (LPTM), Faculdade de Engenharia de Materiais, Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, Quadra 17, Bloco 4, Lote Especial, Marabá 68505-080, Brazil
José Roberto Zamian: Graduate Program in Chemistry Program, Faculty of Chemistry-UFPA, Rua Augusto Corrêa, № 1, CEP, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
Luiz Eduardo Pizarro Borges: Laboratory of Catalyst Preparation and Catalytic Cracking, Section of Chemical Engineering-IME, Praça General Tibúrcio №. 80, CEP, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, Brazil
Silvio Alex Pereira da Mota: Graduate Program of Natural Resources Engineering of Amazon, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa № 1, Belém 66075-110, Brazil

Energies, 2023, vol. 16, issue 20, 1-37

Abstract: This work systematically investigated the influence of catalyst reuse and reaction time on the yield and quality of organic liquid products (OLP) obtained in a cracking pilot plant at 450 °C and 1.0 atm. The distillation of OLP produced 04 (four) distilled fractions (gasoline, kerosene, and green diesel). The biofuels-like fractions are liquid mixtures with high content of hydrocarbons (alkanes, alkenes, and aromatics) with potential application as substitutes for fossil fuels in internal combustion motors. The quality of the biofuels was certified by physical-chemical analysis and FT-IR and GC-MS analysis. The experimental results showed the feasibility of applying the spent sodium carbonate twice in the catalytic cracking of vegetable oils. The physical-chemical properties (density, viscosity, acid value, saponification value, and flash point) of OLP decrease as the reaction time increases. The distillation of OLP yields 62.35% (wt.), producing green-like gasoline, kerosene, and diesel fractions rich in hydrocarbons. Therefore, biofuel-like fractions produced by distillation of OLP have a great potential for replacing partially petroleum-derived fuels.

Keywords: palm oil; sodium carbonate; catalytic cracking; reused catalyst; reaction time; physical-chemistry properties; distillation fractions (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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