Review of Low-Temperature Performance, Modeling and Heating for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Bingxiang Sun (), Xianjie Qi, Donglin Song and Haijun Ruan ()
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Bingxiang Sun: National Active Distribution Network Technology Research Center (NANTEC), Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
Xianjie Qi: National Active Distribution Network Technology Research Center (NANTEC), Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
Donglin Song: National Active Distribution Network Technology Research Center (NANTEC), Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
Haijun Ruan: Institute for Clean Growth and Future Mobility, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK

Energies, 2023, vol. 16, issue 20, 1-37

Abstract: Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have the advantages of high energy/power densities, low self-discharge rate, and long cycle life, and thus are widely used in electric vehicles (EVs). However, at low temperatures, the peak power and available energy of LIBs drop sharply, with a high risk of lithium plating during charging. This poor performance significantly impacts the application of EVs in cold weather and dramatically limits the promotion of EVs in high-latitude regions. This challenge recently attracted much attention, especially investigating the performance decrease for LIBs at low temperatures, and exploring the solutions; however, limited reviews exist on this topic. Here, we thoroughly review the state-of-the-arts about battery performance decrease, modeling, and preheating, aiming to drive effective solutions for addressing the low-temperature challenge of LIBs. We outline the performance limitations of LIBs at low temperatures and quantify the significant changes in (dis)charging performance and resistance of LIBs at low temperatures. The various models considering low-temperature influencing factors are also tabulated and summarized, with the modeling improvement for describing low-temperature performance highlighted. Furthermore, we categorize the existing heating methods, and the metrics such as heating rate, energy consumption, and lifetime impact are highlighted to provide fundamental insights into the heating methods. Finally, the limits of current research on low-temperature LIBs are outlined, and an outlook on future research direction is provided.

Keywords: lithium-ion battery; low temperature; charging; discharging; modeling; heating (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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