Waterborne LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 Cathode Formulation Optimization through Design of Experiments and Upscaling to 1 Ah Li-Ion Pouch Cells

Lander Lizaso, Idoia Urdampilleta, Miguel Bengoechea, Iker Boyano, Hans-Jürgen Grande, Imanol Landa-Medrano (), Aitor Eguia-Barrio and Iratxe de Meatza
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Lander Lizaso: CIDETEC, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
Idoia Urdampilleta: CIDETEC, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
Miguel Bengoechea: CIDETEC, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
Iker Boyano: CIDETEC, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
Hans-Jürgen Grande: CIDETEC, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
Imanol Landa-Medrano: CIDETEC, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
Aitor Eguia-Barrio: CIDETEC, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
Iratxe de Meatza: CIDETEC, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain

Energies, 2023, vol. 16, issue 21, 1-18

Abstract: High-voltage spinel LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 (LNMO) is a promising candidate as a lithium-ion battery cathode material to fulfill the high-energy density demands of the electric vehicle industry. In this work, the design of the experiment’s methodology has been used to analyze the influence of the ratio of the different components in the electrode preparation feasibility of laboratory-scale coatings and their electrochemical response. Different outputs were defined to evaluate the formulations studied, and Derringer–Suich’s methodology was applied to obtain an equation that is usable to predict the desirability of the electrodes depending on the selected formulation. Afterward, Solver’s method was used to figure out the formulation that provides the highest desirability. This formulation was validated at a laboratory scale and upscaled to a semi-industrial coating line. High-voltage 1 Ah lithium-ion pouch cells were assembled with LNMO cathodes and graphite-based anodes and subjected to rate-capability tests and galvanostatic cycling. 1 C was determined as the highest C-rate usable with these cells, and 321 and 181 cycles above 80% SOH were obtained in galvanostatic cycling tests performed at 0.5 C and 1 C, respectively. Furthermore, it was observed that the LNMO cathode required an activation period to become fully electrochemically active, which was shorter when cycled at a lower C-rate.

Keywords: lithium-ion batteries; LNMO; high voltage cells; design of experiments; pouch cells (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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