Validation Aspects for Grid-Forming Converters Based on System Characteristics and Inertia Impact

Julian Struwe (), Holger Wrede and Hendrik Vennegeerts
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Julian Struwe: Research Group Power Electronic Energy Systems, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Applied Sciences Duesseldorf, 40476 Duesseldorf, Germany
Holger Wrede: Research Group Power Electronic Energy Systems, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Applied Sciences Duesseldorf, 40476 Duesseldorf, Germany
Hendrik Vennegeerts: Electrical Energy Systems, Faculty of Engineering, University of Duisburg-Essen, 47057 Duisburg, Germany

Energies, 2023, vol. 16, issue 21, 1-25

Abstract: Grid-forming converters are considered a key technology for electrical grids with a high share of renewable energy. However, there is a lack of a general, robust and verifiable definition of what constitutes this behaviour. Therefore, this paper presents three simple scenarios that enable such a definition. They are based on simple black-box simulations that allow manufacturers to protect their development work. It can be shown that grid forming can be clearly distinguished from grid-following controls by their grid behaviour in the proposed scenarios. Extensive results illustrate this and also provide suggestions to deepen the understanding of grid-forming grid behaviour and its impact on system inertia. These findings should inspire the development of a clear definition and ultimately new requirements for converter systems.

Keywords: grid forming; converter control; power system strength; virtual inertia; grid-connected converter; power system stability (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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