Alternatives for Transport, Storage in Port and Bunkering Systems for Offshore Energy to Green Hydrogen

Enrique Saborit, Eduardo García-Rosales Vazquez, M. Dolores Storch de Gracia Calvo, Gema María Rodado Nieto, Pablo Martínez Fondón and Alberto Abánades ()
Additional contact information
Enrique Saborit: Centro Nacional del Hidrógeno, 13500 Puertollano, Spain
Eduardo García-Rosales Vazquez: Redexis, 50002 Zaragoza, Spain
M. Dolores Storch de Gracia Calvo: Redexis, 50002 Zaragoza, Spain
Gema María Rodado Nieto: Centro Nacional del Hidrógeno, 13500 Puertollano, Spain
Pablo Martínez Fondón: Redexis, 50002 Zaragoza, Spain
Alberto Abánades: Department of Energy Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain

Energies, 2023, vol. 16, issue 22, 1-12

Abstract: Offshore electricity production, mainly by wind turbines, and, eventually, floating PV, is expected to increase renewable energy generation and their dispatchability. In this sense, a significant part of this offshore electricity would be directly used for hydrogen generation. The integration of offshore energy production into the hydrogen economy is of paramount importance for both the techno-economic viability of offshore energy generation and the hydrogen economy. An analysis of this integration is presented. The analysis includes a discussion about the current state of the art of hydrogen pipelines and subsea cables, as well as the storage and bunkering system that is needed on shore to deliver hydrogen and derivatives. This analysis extends the scope of most of the previous works that consider port-to-port transport, while we report offshore to port. Such storage and bunkering will allow access to local and continental energy networks, as well as to integrate offshore facilities for the delivery of decarbonized fuel for the maritime sector. The results of such state of the art suggest that the main options for the transport of offshore energy for the production of hydrogen and hydrogenated vectors are through direct electricity transport by subsea cables to produce hydrogen onshore, or hydrogen transport by subsea pipeline. A parametric analysis of both alternatives, focused on cost estimates of each infrastructure (cable/pipeline) and shipping has been carried out versus the total amount of energy to transport and distance to shore. For low capacity (100 GWh/y), an electric subsea cable is the best option. For high-capacity renewable offshore plants (TWh/y), pipelines start to be competitive for distances above approx. 750 km. Cost is highly dependent on the distance to land, ranging from 35 to 200 USD/MWh.

Keywords: hydrogen; pipeline; port; offshore; bunkering; sustainable ports; electricity; hydrogen integration; ocean energy; levelized cost of transport (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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