Assessment of Current Smart House Solutions: The Case of Portugal

Nuno Rego, Rui Castro () and Carlos Santos Silva
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Nuno Rego: Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
Rui Castro: INESC-ID/IST, University of Lisbon, 1000-029 Lisbon, Portugal
Carlos Santos Silva: IN+/IST, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal

Energies, 2023, vol. 16, issue 22, 1-23

Abstract: The world is facing many challenges to keep up with growing energy demand and greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions. A possible solution is to integrate renewable energy sources (RESs) into residences and create energy management systems (EMSs) that reduce consumption and relieve the main grid in critical hours. This paper is focused on analyzing different EMSs using solar photovoltaic (PV) modules and three energy storage systems (ESSs) to increase savings without affecting the user’s needs, with thirty-three power consumption profiles and three energy tariffs over a 25-year investment to compare which solution presents the best economic result in each of the 297 analyzed scenarios. The results show that the higher the overall daily consumption values, the greater the profits for all EMSs. The lowest demand profiles lead to the best self-consumption and self-sufficiency results. PV-only systems with a tri-hourly tariff have the best overall results. In the case of battery operation, each case should be carefully analyzed in order to choose the correct technologies and tariff. The results also allowed us to verify that even though having more PV modules generates more energy, it can make a project less economically desirable.

Keywords: renewable energy sources; energy management systems; power consumption profiles; energy tariffs; investment (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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