Numerical Prediction on In-Cylinder Mixture Formation and Combustion Characteristics for SIDI Engine Fueled with Hydrogen: Effect of Injection Angle and Equivalence Ratio

Sehyun Oh and Jungsoo Park ()
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Sehyun Oh: Graduate School, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chosun University, 10, Chosundae 1-gil, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
Jungsoo Park: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chosun University, 10, Chosundae 1-gil, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea

Energies, 2023, vol. 16, issue 22, 1-22

Abstract: Although their ease of transport, storage, and use makes hydrocarbon fuels dominant in commercial energy systems, the emission of harmful gases, including greenhouse gases, is a fatal disadvantage. Despite ongoing research to improve thermal efficiency and reduce the emissions of internal combustion engines using conventional hydrocarbon fuels, achieving net-zero carbon requires decarbonizing fuels rather than reducing the use of internal combustion engines. Hence, transitioning away from hydrocarbon fuels and evolving internal combustion engines into clean engines using carbon-free fuels, such as hydrogen, is necessary. This study designs a 2.0 L research engine and numerically analyzes its combustion characteristics and spray behavior by varying the spray angle and equivalence ratio. When comparing the turbulence kinetic energy at a 45-degree spray angle with that at 30 degrees and 60 degrees, on average, there was a difference of approximately 37.54 m 2 /s 2 and 26.21 m 2 /s 2 , respectively. However, misfires occur in the lean condition. Although hydrogen has a wide flammability range, poor mixture formation under lean conditions can result in misfires. The 60-degree spray angle resulted in the highest combustion temperatures and pressures for all equivalence ratio conditions, consequently leading to the highest emissions of nitrogen oxides. Specifically, at a lambda value of 2.5, the 60-degree spray angle emitted approximately 29 ppm, 0 ppm, and 161 ppm of nitrogen oxides for each respective spray angle.

Keywords: combustion characteristics; direct injection; equivalence ratio; hydrogen; spray angle (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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