Grid-Forming Control: Advancements towards 100% Inverter-Based Grids—A Review

Emmanuel Ebinyu, Omar Abdel-Rahim (), Diaa-Eldin A. Mansour (), Masahito Shoyama and Sobhy M. Abdelkader
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Emmanuel Ebinyu: Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), New Borg El-Arab 21934, Egypt
Omar Abdel-Rahim: Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), New Borg El-Arab 21934, Egypt
Diaa-Eldin A. Mansour: Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), New Borg El-Arab 21934, Egypt
Masahito Shoyama: Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
Sobhy M. Abdelkader: Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), New Borg El-Arab 21934, Egypt

Energies, 2023, vol. 16, issue 22, 1-45

Abstract: Changes are being implemented in the electrical power grid to accommodate the increased penetration of renewable energy sources interfaced with grid-connected inverters. The grid-forming (GFM) control paradigm of inverters in active power grids has emerged as a technique through which to tackle the effects of the diminishing dominance of synchronous generators (SGs) and is preferred to the grid-following (GFL) control for providing system control and stability in converter-dominated grids. Therefore, the development of the GFM control is important as the grid advances towards 100% inverter-based grids. In this paper, therefore, we aim to review the changing grid scenario; the behaviour of grid-connected inverter control paradigms and major GFM inverter controls, including their modifications to tackle low inertia, reduced power quality, fault-ride through capability, and reduced stability; and the state-of-the-art GFM models that are pushing the universality of GFM inverter control.

Keywords: grid forming; inverter control; low inertia; universal grid-forming control; inverter-dominated grid; power synchronisation; short circuit ratio (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

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