A Review of Protection Schemes for Electrical Distribution Networks with Green Distributed Generation

Ammar Abbas Majeed, Ahmed Sabri Altaie, Mohamed Abderrahim () and Afaneen Alkhazraji
Additional contact information
Ammar Abbas Majeed: Department of System Engineering and Automation, University Carlos III of Madrid, Avada de la Universidad 30, 28911 Leganes, Madrid, Spain
Ahmed Sabri Altaie: Department of System Engineering and Automation, University Carlos III of Madrid, Avada de la Universidad 30, 28911 Leganes, Madrid, Spain
Mohamed Abderrahim: Department of System Engineering and Automation, University Carlos III of Madrid, Avada de la Universidad 30, 28911 Leganes, Madrid, Spain
Afaneen Alkhazraji: Communication Engineering Department, University of Technology-Iraq, Al-Sina’a St., Baghdad 10066, Iraq

Energies, 2023, vol. 16, issue 22, 1-31

Abstract: An amalgamation of Green Distributed Generation (GDG) with Distribution Networks (DNs) was developed because its performance became more efficient and sustainable. It increased the challenges in the design and operation of the protection scheme and changed the short circuit current (SCC), voltage profile, power losses, and power flow direction after the GDG penetration. These changes rely on the number, size, location, and environmental influence according to the GDG type. Therefore, many researchers have discussed protection system challenges and presented types of protection approaches to find a robust protection layout for DNs integrated with GDGs to prevent the electrical equipment from being destroyed during abnormal conditions. This paper represents an exhaustive survey of GDG integration with DNs and its effects on protection design challenges. Furthermore, this paper summarizes the modern protection methods and detection technologies, along with their important aspects that have been accessed. One of the important and reliable methods is resetting and coordinating between protection devices (PDs) that operate in the same distribution feeder. This methodology focuses on restricting the main variables and parameters used in the PDs setting after the GDG is embedded to recalculate the suitable setting and coordination. Optimization techniques should be used to find the best setting or location of the protection system in the DNs, in addition to calculating the optimal GDG scale and location. However, international standards are used to specify the suitable equations that satisfy high protection system characteristics to ensure the DNs’ reliability.

Keywords: protection scheme; Green Distributed Generation (GDG); Protection Devices (PDs); Distribution Networks (DNs) (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/22/7587/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/22/7587/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:22:p:7587-:d:1280632

Access Statistics for this article

Energies is currently edited by Ms. Agatha Cao

More articles in Energies from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().