An Analysis of National Position, Opportunity, and Challenge of Indonesia’s Nuclear Program to Support Net-Zero Emissions by 2060

Mujammil Asdhiyoga Rahmanta (), Andrew Cahyo Adhi, Handrea Bernando Tambunan, Wigas Digwijaya, Natalina Damanik and Rahmat Adiprasetya Al Hasibi
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Mujammil Asdhiyoga Rahmanta: PT. PLN (Persero) Puslitbang Ketenagalistrikan (Research Institute), Jl. PLN Duren Tiga No. 102, Pancoran, Jakarta 12760, Indonesia
Andrew Cahyo Adhi: PT. PLN (Persero) Puslitbang Ketenagalistrikan (Research Institute), Jl. PLN Duren Tiga No. 102, Pancoran, Jakarta 12760, Indonesia
Handrea Bernando Tambunan: PT. PLN (Persero) Puslitbang Ketenagalistrikan (Research Institute), Jl. PLN Duren Tiga No. 102, Pancoran, Jakarta 12760, Indonesia
Wigas Digwijaya: PT. PLN (Persero) Puslitbang Ketenagalistrikan (Research Institute), Jl. PLN Duren Tiga No. 102, Pancoran, Jakarta 12760, Indonesia
Natalina Damanik: PT. PLN (Persero) Puslitbang Ketenagalistrikan (Research Institute), Jl. PLN Duren Tiga No. 102, Pancoran, Jakarta 12760, Indonesia
Rahmat Adiprasetya Al Hasibi: Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Jl. Brawijaya, Kasihan, Bantul, Yogyakarta 55183, Indonesia

Energies, 2023, vol. 16, issue 24, 1-37

Abstract: Coal contributed 303 million tons of CO 2 (49% of total emissions) in Indonesia in 2021. The Indonesian government plans to retire all coal-fired power plants (CFPPs) to achieve net-zero emissions by 2060. Nuclear power plants (NPPs) have low CO 2 emissions. This research aims to analyze the status of the nuclear program and examine the opportunities and challenges of NPPs in supporting net-zero emissions. The method used is a literature study of national positions and a simulation of the use of NPPs with the low emissions analysis platform (LEAP) up to 2060. The Business as Usual (BaU) scenario still relies on CFPPs. The retired CFPP scenario consists of NPP utilization of 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%. It was found that the national position of Indonesia is in phase 1 (considering), because legally there is no policy on the use of NPPs in laws, the National Development Plan, or energy policies. A Nuclear Energy Program Implementation Organization (NEPIO) has not yet been established. The simulation results conclude that with limited renewable energy potential, NPPs have the opportunity to fulfill electricity production needs and reduce CO 2 emissions significantly. The challenge of using NPPs is the increasing production and investment costs of electricity that come along with the increase in the use of NPPs.

Keywords: nuclear power plants; net-zero emission; national position; Indonesia power system; LEAP; CO 2 emission; production cost; investment cost (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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