Organic and Inorganic Biocidal Energetic Materials for Agent Defeat Weapons: An Overview and Research Perspectives

Andrea Pietro Reverberi, Valery Pavlovic Meshalkin, Oleg B. Butusov, Tamara B. Chistyakova, Maurizio Ferretti, Anna Maria Cardinale and Bruno Fabiano
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Andrea Pietro Reverberi: DCCI, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
Valery Pavlovic Meshalkin: Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 127047 Moscow, Russia
Oleg B. Butusov: Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 127047 Moscow, Russia
Tamara B. Chistyakova: Saint-Petersburg State Institute of Technology, Technical University, 190013 St. Petersburg, Russia
Maurizio Ferretti: DCCI, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
Anna Maria Cardinale: DCCI, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
Bruno Fabiano: DICCA, Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Polytechnic School, Università degli Studi di Genova, Via Opera Pia 15, 16145 Genova, Italy

Energies, 2023, vol. 16, issue 2, 1-26

Abstract: A critical survey concerning biocidal energetics is proposed according to a classification depending on their chemical structure. The need of optimizing the performances of such compounds is an important target for the inertization of biological weapons, requiring a synergy between the thermal effects of combustion/detonation with the biocidal effects of reaction products released into the environment. The main physicochemical aspects related to the synthesis technique, the thermodynamic variables and the antimicrobial activity have been discussed and compared. In particular, different kinds of biocides have been taken into account, with particular attention to the role of iodine as one of the most promising and eco-friendly chemical species to this purpose, in line with the paradigms of environmental protection and the rational utilization of chemicals. Furthermore, the protocols adopted to assess the effectiveness of biocidal agents have been thoroughly examined according to the recent studies proposed by some of the most reputable research groups in the field. Finally, some insights for future investigations are proposed.

Keywords: energetic material; biocide; agent defeat weapon; thermite; antimicrobial; waste (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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