Energy-Aware Scheduling for High-Performance Computing Systems: A Survey

Bartłomiej Kocot, Paweł Czarnul and Jerzy Proficz ()
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Bartłomiej Kocot: Department of Computer Architecture, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
Paweł Czarnul: Department of Computer Architecture, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
Jerzy Proficz: Centre of Informatics—Tricity Academic Supercomputer & Network (CI TASK), Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland

Energies, 2023, vol. 16, issue 2, 1-28

Abstract: High-performance computing (HPC), according to its name, is traditionally oriented toward performance, especially the execution time and scalability of the computations. However, due to the high cost and environmental issues, energy consumption has already become a very important factor that needs to be considered. The paper presents a survey of energy-aware scheduling methods used in a modern HPC environment, starting with the problem definition, tackling various goals set up for this challenge, including a bi-objective approach, power and energy constraints, and a pure energy solution, as well as metrics related to the subject. Then, considered types of HPC systems and related energy-saving mechanisms are described, from multicore-processors/graphical processing units (GPU) to more complex solutions, such as compute clusters supporting dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS), power capping, and other functionalities. The main section presents a collection of carefully selected algorithms, classified by the programming method, e.g., machine learning or fuzzy logic. Moreover, other surveys published on this subject are summarized and commented on, and finally, an overview of the current state-of-the-art with open problems and further research areas is presented.

Keywords: high-performance computing; energy-aware scheduling; energy-aware metrics; DVFS; power capping (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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