Application of Capacitive Deionization in Water Treatment and Energy Recovery: A Review

Shenxu Bao (), Chunfu Xin, Yimin Zhang, Bo Chen, Wei Ding and Yongpeng Luo
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Shenxu Bao: School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
Chunfu Xin: School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
Yimin Zhang: School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
Bo Chen: School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
Wei Ding: School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
Yongpeng Luo: School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China

Energies, 2023, vol. 16, issue 3, 1-24

Abstract: Water resources are the basis for human survival and development. However, human beings face severe challenges of water pollution and freshwater shortage. With the critical advantages of low energy consumption, high efficiency, low cost, green and pollution-free, and renewable electrodes, capacitive deionization (CDI) has become an up-and-coming water treatment technology. After decades of development, the application of CDI has expanded from seawater desalination to many fields. However, the existing literature still needs a comprehensive overview of the multi-functional application of CDI technology in water treatment. Therefore, our work critically reviewed the latest research progress of CDI in water treatment to meet the technical requirements of various application fields. This paper first summarizes the various applications of CDI in water treatment, focusing on CDI’s representative research results in heavy metal removal, organic contaminants removal, water softening, phosphate and nitrate removal, and water disinfection. In addition, we also discussed the latest research progress of energy recovery and energy consumption assessment for the CDI process. Finally, this paper discusses the challenges and future opportunities facing CDI technology.

Keywords: capacitive deionization; water treatment; water softening; heavy metal; phosphate and nitrate; organic contaminant; water disinfection; energy recovery; energy consumption assessment (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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