A Hybrid Grey Wolf Assisted-Sparrow Search Algorithm for Frequency Control of RE Integrated System

Bashar Abbas Fadheel (), Noor Izzri Abdul Wahab (), Ali Jafer Mahdi, Manoharan Premkumar, Mohd Amran Bin Mohd Radzi, Azura Binti Che Soh, Veerapandiyan Veerasamy and Andrew Xavier Raj Irudayaraj
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Bashar Abbas Fadheel: Advanced Lightning, Power, and Energy Research (ALPER), Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia
Noor Izzri Abdul Wahab: Advanced Lightning, Power, and Energy Research (ALPER), Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia
Ali Jafer Mahdi: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kerbala, Karbala 56001, Iraq
Manoharan Premkumar: Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bengaluru 560078, India
Mohd Amran Bin Mohd Radzi: Advanced Lightning, Power, and Energy Research (ALPER), Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia
Azura Binti Che Soh: Advanced Lightning, Power, and Energy Research (ALPER), Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia
Veerapandiyan Veerasamy: School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
Andrew Xavier Raj Irudayaraj: Advanced Lightning, Power, and Energy Research (ALPER), Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia

Energies, 2023, vol. 16, issue 3, 1-28

Abstract: Nowadays, renewable energy (RE) sources are heavily integrated into the power system due to the deregulation of the energy market along with environmental and economic benefits. The intermittent nature of RE and the stochastic behavior of loads create frequency aberrations in interconnected hybrid power systems (HPS). This paper attempts to develop an optimization technique to tune the controller optimally to regulate frequency. A hybrid Sparrow Search Algorithm-Grey Wolf Optimizer (SSAGWO) is proposed to optimize the gain values of the proportional integral derivative controller. The proposed algorithm helps to improve the original algorithms’ exploration and exploitation. The optimization technique is coded in MATLAB and applied for frequency regulation of a two-area HPS developed in Simulink. The efficacy of the proffered hybrid SSAGWO is first assessed on standard benchmark functions and then applied to the frequency control of the HPS model. The results obtained from the multi-area multi-source HPS demonstrate that the proposed hybrid SSAGWO optimized PID controller performs significantly by 53%, 60%, 20%, and 70% in terms of settling time, peak undershoot, control effort, and steady-state error values, respectively, than other state-of-the-art algorithms presented in the literature. The robustness of the proffered method is also evaluated under the random varying load, variation of HPS system parameters, and weather intermittency of RE resources in real-time conditions. Furthermore, the controller’s efficacy was also demonstrated by performing a sensitivity analysis of the proposed system with variations of 75% and 125% in the inertia constant and system loading, respectively, from the nominal values. The results show that the proposed technique damped out the transient oscillations with minimum settling time. Moreover, the stability of the system is analyzed in the frequency domain using Bode analysis.

Keywords: automatic load frequency control; renewable energy resources; hybrid sparrow search algorithm-grey wolf optimization; hybrid power system; stability (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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