Review of Core Annular Flow

Baoshan Xie, Fan Jiang (), Huajian Lin, Mingcong Zhang, Zhenzhen Gui and Jianhua Xiang
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Baoshan Xie: School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
Fan Jiang: School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
Huajian Lin: School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
Mingcong Zhang: School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
Zhenzhen Gui: School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
Jianhua Xiang: School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China

Energies, 2023, vol. 16, issue 3, 1-20

Abstract: With the increasing demand for heavy oil, core annular flow (CAF) is an economical method to transport heavy oil, and many researchers have explored the energy-saving aspects of the CAF method. This paper presents a review of CAF energy saving and factors affecting CAF energy saving. Among them, the energy saving of CAF mainly concerns the changes in pressure drop and drag reduction efficiency; the factors affecting the energy saving of CAF mainly concern the problem of stability, the issue of restarting the pipeline system, the impact of a nozzle, the impact of fouling on the flow in the pipe, and the problem of oil–water accumulation. The aim of this paper is to provide a reference for the practical application of CAF in heavy oil transportation.

Keywords: core annular flow; pressure drop; stability; restart; nozzle; fouling; accumulation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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