An Analysis of Energy Consumption in Small- and Medium-Sized Buildings

Marian Kampik (), Marcin Fice (), Adam Pilśniak, Krzysztof Bodzek and Anna Piaskowy
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Marian Kampik: Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Department of Measurement Science, Electronics and Control, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Marcin Fice: Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Energy Prosumer Center, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Adam Pilśniak: Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Department of Measurement Science, Electronics and Control, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Krzysztof Bodzek: Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Department of Power Electronics, Electrical Drives and Robotics, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Anna Piaskowy: Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Department of Measurement Science, Electronics and Control, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland

Energies, 2023, vol. 16, issue 3, 1-21

Abstract: Building energy efficiency has grown strong in a context of soaring energy prices, especially in Europe. The use of energy-saving devices strongly influences its improvement, but in many cases, it is far from sufficient., especially if the energy comes from renewable sources with forced production. In the case of buildings, these are usually photovoltaic (PV) sources. For this reason, energy management systems (EMS) are becoming increasingly popular as they allow the increase in self-consumption and reduce the size of energy storage. This article presents analyses of historical energy consumption profiles in selected small- and medium-sized buildings powered by renewable energy sources. The implementation limitations of this type of systems, depending on the profile of the building, were identified and guidelines were presented to assess low-cost solutions dedicated to small buildings and considering the actual conditions of existing systems. Statistical analyzes were conducted for the energy demand profiles of 15 different buildings. The analyzes consisted of the preparation of box plots for each hour of working days and the calculation of the relative standard deviation (RSD) index for annual profiles of 60 min periods. The analyzes showed that the RSD index has low values for commercial buildings (e.g., hospital 7% and bank 15%) and very high values for residential buildings—even over 100%. On this basis, it can be concluded about the usefulness of energy profiles for demand forecasting. The novelty of the proposed method is to examine the possibility of using measurement data as data to forecast energy consumption based on statistical analysis, dedicated to low-cost EMS system solutions.

Keywords: electrical energy management; energy system; renewable energy sources; reduction in electrical energy consumption; low-cost electrical power systems; energy strategy; energy efficiency; strategic management; analysis of methods of energy management; electrical energy consumption; limitation of probabilistic method; integrated approach; transformation; European Green Deal (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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