A Comparative-Analysis-Based Multi-Criteria Assessment of On/Off-Grid-Connected Renewable Energy Systems: A Case Study

Ruben Zieba Falama (), Virgil Dumbrava (), Abdelaziz Salah Saidi, Etienne Tchoffo Houdji, Chokri Ben Salah and Serge Yamigno Doka
Additional contact information
Ruben Zieba Falama: National Advanced School of Mines and Petroleum Industries, University of Maroua, Maroua P.O. Box 46, Cameroon
Virgil Dumbrava: Department of Power Systems, Faculty of Power Engineering, Politehnica University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei, no 313, District 6, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
Abdelaziz Salah Saidi: Department of Electrical Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61411, Saudi Arabia
Etienne Tchoffo Houdji: Department of Renewable Energy, National Advanced School of Engineering, University of Maroua, Maroua P.O. Box 46, Cameroon
Chokri Ben Salah: LASEE Laboratory, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
Serge Yamigno Doka: National Advanced School of Mines and Petroleum Industries, University of Maroua, Maroua P.O. Box 46, Cameroon

Energies, 2023, vol. 16, issue 3, 1-25

Abstract: Different configurations of on/off-grid-connected hybrid renewable energy systems (HRESs) are analyzed and compared in the present research study for optimal decision making in Sub-Saharan Africa, facing the problems of electricity deficit. A multi-criteria analysis is performed for this purpose using MATLAB software for simulation. The obtained results show that the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) corresponding to 0% power supply deficit probability (PSDP) is 0.0819 USD/kWh, 0.0925 USD/kWh, 0.3979 USD/kWh, 0.3251 USD/kWh, 0.1754 USD/kWh, 0.1641 USD/kWh, 0.5385 USD/kWh, and 1.4515 USD/kWh, respectively, for the Grid-PV/Wind/Battery, Grid-PV/Battery, Grid-Wind/Battery, Grid-Wind, PV/Wind/Battery, PV/Battery, Wind/Battery, and stand-alone Wind systems. The CO 2 emissions are 14,888.4 kgCO 2 /year, 16,916.6 kgCO 2 /year, 13,139.7 kgCO 2 /year, 6430.4 kgCO 2 /year, 11,439 kgCO 2 /year, 14,892.5 kgCO 2 /year, 10,252.6 kgCO 2 /year, and 1621.5 kgCO 2 /year, respectively, for the aforementioned systems. It is found that the Grid-connected PV/Wind/Battery is the most cost-effective system leading to a grid energy cost reduction of 30.89%. Hybridization of different renewable energy sources (RESs) could significantly improve the electricity cost and reduce the CO 2 emissions. However, this improvement and this reduction depend on the used RES and the system configuration. On-grid-connected HRESs are more cost-effective than off-grid-connected HRES. The least polluting energy system is the stand-alone Wind system, which allows a reduction in the grid CO 2 emissions by 93.66%. The sensitivity analysis has proven that the long-term investment, the decrease in the battery cost, and the decrease in the discount rate could lead to the reduction in the LCOE.

Keywords: on/off-grid-connected; HRES; RES; PSDP; LCOE; CO 2 emissions (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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