Phase-Homogeneous LiFePO 4 Powders with Crystallites Protected by Ferric-Graphite-Graphene Composite

Dmitry Agafonov, Aleksandr Bobyl (), Aleksandr Kamzin, Alexey Nashchekin, Evgeniy Ershenko, Arseniy Ushakov, Igor Kasatkin, Vladimir Levitskii, Mikhail Trenikhin and Evgeniy Terukov
Additional contact information
Dmitry Agafonov: Department of Electrochemical Production Technology, St. Petersburg State Institute of Technology, Moskovski Ave. 26, 190013 St. Petersburg, Russia
Aleksandr Bobyl: Division of Solid State Physics, Ioffe Institute, Politekhnicheskaya Str. 26, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
Aleksandr Kamzin: Division of Solid State Physics, Ioffe Institute, Politekhnicheskaya Str. 26, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
Alexey Nashchekin: Division of Solid State Physics, Ioffe Institute, Politekhnicheskaya Str. 26, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
Evgeniy Ershenko: Division of Solid State Physics, Ioffe Institute, Politekhnicheskaya Str. 26, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
Arseniy Ushakov: Institute of Chemistry, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia
Igor Kasatkin: Research Park, RC XRD, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7–9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
Vladimir Levitskii: RnD Center TFTE, Politekhnicheskaya Str. 26, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
Mikhail Trenikhin: Department “Chemistry and Chemical Technology”, Petrochemical Institute, Omsk State Technical University, Mira Ave. 11, 644050 Omsk, Russia
Evgeniy Terukov: Department of Electronics, St. Petersburg State Electrotechnical Univeristy, ul. Professora Popova 5, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia

Energies, 2023, vol. 16, issue 3, 1-28

Abstract: Phase-homogeneous LiFePO 4 powders have been synthesized. The content of impurity crystalline phases was less than 0.1%, according to synchrotron diffractometry (SXRD) data. Anisotropic crystallite sizes L ¯ V h k l were determined by XRD. A low resistance covering layer of mechanically strong ferric-graphite-graphene composite with impregnated ferric (Fe 3+ ) particles < 10 nm in size increases the cycleability compared to industrial cathodes. In accordance with the corrosion model, the destruction of the Fe 3+ -containing protective layer of crystallites predominates at the first stage, and at the second stage Fe escapes into the electrolyte and to the anode. The crystallite size decreases due to amorphization that starts from the surface. The rate capability, Q ( t ), has been studied as a function of L ¯ V h k l , of the correlation coefficients r i k between crystallite sizes, of the Li diffusion coefficient, D , and of the electrical relaxation time, τ el . For the test cathode with a thickness of 8 μm, the values of D = 0.12 nm 2 /s, τ el = 8 s were obtained. To predict the dependence Q ( t ), it is theoretically studied in ranges closest to experimental values: D = 0.5 ÷ 0.03 nm 2 /s, τ el = 8/1 s, average sizes along [010] L ¯ 1 = 90/30 nm, averaged r ¯ = 0/1.

Keywords: energy storage; electrochemical battery; Mössbauer spectroscopy; synchrotron XRD; energy technology; lattice structure; storage degradation; anisotropic crystallite; electrode powder (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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