Economic Operation Strategy of an EV Parking Lot with Vehicle-to-Grid and Renewable Energy Integration

Jiwen Qi and Li Li ()
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Jiwen Qi: Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
Li Li: Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia

Energies, 2023, vol. 16, issue 4, 1-16

Abstract: The economic operation of an electric vehicle (EV) parking lot under different cases are explored in the paper. The parking lot is equipped with EV charging stations with a vehicle-to-grid (V2G) function, renewable energy sources (RESs), and energy storage system (ESS). An optimisation problem is formulated to maximise the profit of the parking lot from EV charging and feed-in energy to the grid under various charging modes while considering the uncertain factors, ESS degradation, and diverse EV parking conditions. The electricity market price, solar radiation and wind speed are considered as uncertain factors, and the scenred toolbox of MATLAB is used to generate scenarios. Based on the parking time of different EVs, the model classifies the EVs entering the charging station and dynamically determines the charging price according to their charging demand through a linear price-demand relationship. The efficacy of the proposed model is verified by the comparison with two other models under three different cases. It is shown that the proposed model gains the most profit based on the proposed V2G services and dynamic charging price.

Keywords: electric vehicle (EV); energy storage system (ESS); renewable energy sources (RESs); vehicle-to-grid (V2G); dynamic charging price (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

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