Anode Nitrogen Concentration Estimation Based on Voltage Variation Characteristics for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Stacks

Ruifeng Guo, Dongfang Chen (), Yuehua Li, Wenlong Wu, Song Hu and Xiaoming Xu ()
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Ruifeng Guo: School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
Dongfang Chen: School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
Yuehua Li: School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
Wenlong Wu: School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
Song Hu: School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
Xiaoming Xu: School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China

Energies, 2023, vol. 16, issue 5, 1-16

Abstract: Hydrogen energy has become an important way to solve energy crises owing to its non-pollution, high level of efficiency, and wide application. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have received wide attention as an energy conversion device for hydrogen energy. The hydrogen concentration in the PEMFC anode directly determines the output voltage of the stack. The performance of the PEMFC gradually decreases due to the accumulation of nitrogen. However, the continuous circulation of anode gas and the nitrogen accumulation at the anode due to transmembrane diffusion lead to difficulties in estimating the anode gas concentration. The relationship between anode nitrogen concentration and voltage variation characteristics was studied by increasing the anode hydrogen concentration through the method of increasing nitrogen concentration and conducting experiments on a 16-cell stack. In this paper, an estimation method for nitrogen concentration in the anode is proposed to evaluate the nitrogen concentration in the anode on the basis of voltage variation characteristics, and the method was recalibrated and validated using experimental data. Due to the inhomogeneity of the gas distribution within the PEMFC stack, the mean cell voltage can provide a more accurate estimation of the anode nitrogen concentration compared to a single cell voltage. It is shown that the proposed approach can offer a new method to estimate anode nitrogen concentration. Compared with the conventional method, the new method is simpler as it does not require additional equipment or complex algorithms. In this paper, the anode nitrogen concentration was estimated by applying this method with a maximum error of only 0.35%.

Keywords: fuel cell stack; anode nitrogen concentration; estimation; voltage variation characteristics; performance degradation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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