Generalised Isentropic Relations in Thermodynamics

Pim Nederstigt () and Rene Pecnik
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Pim Nederstigt: Department of Process & Energy, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
Rene Pecnik: Department of Process & Energy, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands

Energies, 2023, vol. 16, issue 5, 1-16

Abstract: Isentropic processes in thermodynamics are fundamental to our understanding of numerous physical phenomena across different scientific and engineering fields. They provide a theoretical reference case for the evaluation of real thermodynamic processes and observations. Yet, as analytical relations for isentropic transformations in gas dynamics are limited to ideal gases, the inability to analytically describe isentropic processes for non-ideal gases is a fundamental shortcoming. This work presents generalised isentropic relations in thermodynamics based on the work by Kouremenos et al., where three isentropic exponents γ P v , γ T v and γ P T are introduced to replace the ideal gas isentropic exponent γ to incorporate the departure from the non-ideal gas behaviour. The general applicability of the generalised isentropic relations is presented by exploring its connections to existing isentropic models for ideal gases and incompressible liquids. Generalised formulations for the speed of sound, the Bernoulli equation, compressible isentropic flow transformations, and isentropic work are presented thereafter, connecting previously disjoint theories for gases and liquids. Lastly, the generalised expressions are demonstrated for practical engineering examples, and their accuracy is discussed.

Keywords: isentropic relations; real gas thermodynamics; speed of sound; compressible fluid flows; compressibility; isentropic work (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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