Optimal Configuration of Extreme Fast Charging Stations Integrated with Energy Storage System and Photovoltaic Panels in Distribution Networks

Zhouquan Wu (), Pradeep Krishna Bhat and Bo Chen ()
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Zhouquan Wu: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Dr., Houghton, MI 49931, USA
Pradeep Krishna Bhat: Department of Mechanical Engineering-Engineering Mechanics, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Dr., Houghton, MI 49931, USA
Bo Chen: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Dr., Houghton, MI 49931, USA

Energies, 2023, vol. 16, issue 5, 1-20

Abstract: Extreme fast charging (XFC) for electric vehicles (EVs) has emerged recently because of the short charging period. However, the extreme high charging power of EVs at XFC stations may severely impact distribution networks. This paper addresses the estimation of the charging power demand of XFC stations and the design of multiple XFC stations with renewable energy resources in current distribution networks. First, a Monte Carlo (MC) simulation tool was created utilizing the EV arrival time and state-of-charge (SOC) distributions obtained from the dataset of vehicle travel surveys. Various impact factors are considered to obtain a realistic estimation of the charging power demand of XFC stations. Then, a method for determining the optimal energy capacity of the energy storage system (ESS), ESS rated power, and size of photovoltaic (PV) panels for multiple XFC stations in a distribution network is presented, with the goal of achieving an optimal configuration. The optimal power flow technique is applied to this optimization so that the optimal solutions meet not only the charging demand but also the operational constraints related to XFC, ESS, PV panels, and distribution networks. Simulation results of a use case indicate that the presented MC simulation can estimate approximate real-world XFC charging demand, and the optimized ESS and PV units in multiple XFC stations in the distribution network can reduce the annual total cost of XFC stations and improve the performance of the distribution network.

Keywords: electric vehicles charging; extreme fast charging (XFC) stations; charging demand estimation of XFC stations; optimal configuration of XFC stations; XFC station integrated with renewable energy resources (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (5)

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